Archive for the ‘Addiction Treatment’ Category

Healing Touch of Animals

Monday, January 2nd, 2012

R.I.P. Harvey, was our resident and first pet at Sobriety Home and a “cuddly member” of our Clinical Team for four years.

It has been long believed that animals have a healing effect upon humans. In recent years, this theory has been proven true as witnessed by those that receive comfort, calmness and sense of purpose from their pets. Several facilities across the country incorporate animals into their therapeutic regimens. This is the story of one place the Gentle Barn, located in Santa Clarita, California. The facility is successful in rescuing abused animals and letting them interact with young people with emotional or physical challenges. The effect is a simultaneous start of the healing process for the both young person and the animal.

One young lady felt life was not worth living before coming to the facility. She suffered from depression as well as eating disorders; which eventually led to an attempt on her own life. Today, at 21, she is a volunteer at Gentle Barn who loves to tell her story. She is especially fond of Sophie, a goat that the facility rescued from a petting zoo. The young lady reads books to Sophie a few days each week. She says Sophie prefers to hear best sellers such as The Hunger Games. Sophie indicates her preferences by trying to eat books she doesn’t like, such as Animal Liberation.  Sophie is credited with providing the hope that led to her recovery and the desire to live. She is quoted as saying that the love exchanged between she and the animal was the emotion that she felt had was missing in her life. In fact, she says that Sophie’s companionship is what has kept her alive.

The Gentle Barn is the realization of a childhood dream for the founder, Ellie Weiner. It was from her own abusive childhood that she learned firsthand the healing power animals can bring. Throughout this troubled time she would bring home animals that had no home or were injured. She credits the animals for saving and healing her. Soon she realized that animals could do the same for others. She opened the Gentle Barn in 1999 and began several programs for youth at risk that were referred by family and children’s services in the area. The pastoral setting is a place where troubled gang members and abused or drug addicted young people can participate in peaceful activities such as feeding or simply touching animals. Ms. Warner and her husband share the animals’ history of abuse and recovery with the youth before they meet the animals.

According to one Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services administrator, this part of the process is crucial in order to effectively reach troubled children. Hearing the stories about the recovery of animals that suffered horrific abuse teaches them to trust and love again. It provides hope for their own futures that people will love them. The administrator, Jamie Lynn Cantor, has brought foster children to the Gentle Barn for the past several years. She has seen firsthand how young people relate to the experiences of the animals and the lessons they learn. One miniature pony at the facility was rescued from brutal beatings by an alcoholic former owner. The pony, named Bonsai, shows a particular fondness for special needs children. Ms. Cantor has witnessed several children identify with the pony because of their own abusive experiences. However, they also get the message that the pony learned to trust again after a few years.

As opposed to traditional therapy, the facility does not employ rules or probing as a course of treatment. Ms. Cantor recalls an experience with a sexually abused boy who was very withdrawn. The boy became friends with Biscuit, an enormous pig at the facility. When he first saw the pig he began to open up and then lay next to Biscuit for two hours. During this time he hugged and talked to the pig. By the time he left he was smiling and had received a measure of healing. Ms. Cantor is in the processing of compiling a survey entitled “Healing Youth Through Animals”. The results of the survey thus far reflect that there is a significant improvement in the self esteem and happiness of youth that have one visit to the facility. Further, the visit results in a decrease in anger, hopelessness, anxiety, loneliness and depression after one visit.

Another example of the effect of animals on young people is provided by Don McCollister, a director at a facility in Woodland Hills, California that treats teenage males on probation. Most of the residents of the facility are gang members who are facing choices that have major consequences on their lives. Depending on their decisions, it is possible they can end up in prison for the rest of their lives. Mr. McCollister recognizes that the boys have faced many years of negative conditioning because they join gangs when they are very young. He brings the groups to the Gentle Barn to attempt to use the months they visit to reinforce positive behaviour.

Mr. McCollister relates the experience of a hardened gang member who silently listened to the story of a horse that had been repeatedly beaten. Later, it was revealed that the boy had suffered repeated broken arms as a result of beatings from his father. The boy was found later on in the stable crying and petting the horse on the head while reassuring it that that no one would hurt it. Mr. McCollister is convinced that a visit to the Gentle Barn demonstrates compassion and empathy. It also serves to reinforce to the child that their own life story is not fully written and that time and change can bring meaning and happiness.

Operating the Gentle Barn takes about $50,000 a month. Financing comes from individual and family donations through the website as well as corporate grants and foundations. Major donations have been received from Princess Cruises, Toyota, CBS, William Morris Endeavor and Ellen DeGeneres. The future of the Gentle Barn includes a reality television show with Ellen DeGeneres.

The goal of the founder is to open the doors to a Gentle Barn in every major city in the world. She says that she witnesses a miracle every day by watching young people touching, loving and interacting with animals and is convinced that all people are the same.

At Sobriety Home we also believe that pet therapy works and that it does promote emotional healing. We respect that it helps and incorporate it into a small part of our program. Activities include gardening therapy in which we grow our own vegetables. Our facility is in farming country and we do attempt to buy local farm fresh sustainable food. While not a major part of our program, we do have a pet pot bellied pig, dogs, cats and had rabbits and baby goats.

Rehabilitation for Cocaine Addiction Works, According to New Study

Monday, March 15th, 2010

According to a new study from the UK’s National Treatment Agency for Substance Abuse (NTA), cocaine addiction recovery is very possible with addiction treatment that includes individual psychotherapy.


According to a recent study, an astounding one in ten entering drug addiction treatment in England are entering for cocaine addiction, a four-percent increase in the last four years.

Of these, more than one-third are 18-24 year olds from a broad spectrum of social backgrounds. They are also more likely to have jobs and are less likely to have housing problems.

According to Paul Hayes, NTA chief executive, although there has been an increase in the number of people using cocaine, they are also seeing more people seeking addiction treatment. Very good news indeed.

About 70% of the cocaine addicts in treatment stay in treatment, and either stop using cocaine completely or substantially reduce their use within six months of entering treatment—that is, 61% stop cocaine altogether and 11% substantially reduce their use.

Furthermore, those who are newly entering drug rehab for cocaine addiction also reduce their use of other drugs, including cannabis, alcohol, and amphetamines.

The study, which monitored over 3,000 study participants, represents the largest ever study into the effectiveness of cocaine addiction treatment in England.

Source: The NTA

Methadone Treatments

Thursday, March 4th, 2010

We are really proud to announce the launch of our first ever microsite!

Explaining our Methadone Treatments–from Methadone Therapy and Methadone Maintenance, to our Methadone Reduction Program–our new microsite is packed with information.

Are you or your loved one considering methadone as part of their drug addiction treatment? If so, make sure to peruse the site and call us to discuss any of your questions or concerns.

Anxiety Drug Addiction Explained by New Research

Wednesday, February 24th, 2010

New research explains how addiction to prescription anxiety medication works, and may lead to development non-addictive versions of the drugs.

Scientists from the US and Switzerland have discovered how anxiety medications, such benzodiazepine drugs as Ativan, Xanax, and Valium, work in the brain. As it turns out, the drugs use the same reward pathways as heroin and cannabis—pathways that may lead to addiction.

The calming effects of benzos are due to an increased activity of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). This in turn activates dopamine, the ‘gratification hormone’, resulting in a reward pathway in the brain.

Reward pathways are both naturally occurring and already exist in the brain. They are an evolutionary mechanism that was essential to our survival. Their main function is to make us feel pleasure when we engage in behaviours central to survival—such as eating or sex.

Opioids, such as heroin, and cannabis work in the same fashion. And dopamine, as we know from new research earlier this month, is directly linked to a propensity for addiction.

Researchers behind the study, published in the journal Nature, say these findings may lead to non-addictive alternative benzodiazepines. Benzos work by binding to a specific part of the GABA, the alpha 1 sub-unit of GABA type A receptor according to scientists. Developing similar drugs that bind to a different part of the GABA may offer the same benefits and calming-effects without the addictive side effects.

Drug companies for quite some time have been trying to develop a new generation of benzos with very little success. This, however, could be the breakthrough needed.

Source: Reuters

Hormone Dopamine Linked to Addiction and Risk-Taking

Monday, February 15th, 2010

New research on dopamine and dopamine receptor profiles could lead to new drug addiction prevention and treatments.

Japanese and Danish scientists have shown in new research that those with higher dopamine levels in the brain have a greater need for stimulation, due in part to the lowered dopamine-sensitivity.

Dopamine is the “gratification” hormone, widely known to relate to the physiology of addiction. Previous research has discovered that drug addictions such as cocaine addiction work by causing a build-up of dopamine in the brain. This build up, in turn, causes a lower sensitivity to the neurotransmitter.

However, according to the new research, it is the naturally occurring higher levels of dopamine in the brain that can lead to addictive behaviours. Dopamine levels can indicate a natural predisposition to risk-taking, and addiction.

Dopamine has been connected to both behaviours—each involve chasing a high, whether naturally induced or chemically. As well, drug addiction can be classified as a high-risk behaviour. Studies have shown that sensation seeking, the constant need for stimulation, and drug or alcohol abuse involves the same reward system in the brain.

Higher levels of dopamine, and lower sensitivity to the hormone, leads to greater risk-taking—and thus greater chance of addiction to drugs, gambling, and more.

Lead by Albert Gjedde of Copenhagen University, researchers used brain scans of volunteers to measure dopamine and dopamine receptor levels. Those on the higher end of the dopamine scale felt less affects from the same amount of the hormone than those on the lower end of the scale.

They also discovered that those who fell on opposite ends of the scale had significantly different dopamine and dopamine receptor profiles.

Their research suggests that it could be more effective to increase or decrease dopamine levels, rather than try to block dopamine receptors in the brain, to treat drug addiction. These findings could help to develop new ways to prevent and treat addiction.

Source: The National Post

How Cocaine Addiction Works

Friday, January 22nd, 2010

What is Cocaine
Cocaine is a stimulant, a psychoactive drug that temporarily increases mental and/or physical functioning. Unlike other stimulants, cocaine is not used as a prescription medicine, but is an illicit drug carefully controlled throughout the world. Cocaine is used primarily recreationally and is a widely abused drug.

Cocaine is highly addictive.

Cocaine was very popular throughout most of the 1980s and 90s, and recent studies suggest that its popularity continues strong. Cocaine, also known as “coke”, “c”, “snow”, “flake” and “blow” among other nicknames, is commonly sold on the streets as a fine white powder.

Crack”, on the other hand, is freebase cocaine—a water-insoluble cocaine base. Crack is processed to be smokeable. It is the crackling noises of smoking the drug that has given it its name.

In 2007, there were approximately 2.1 million cocaine users in the US alone, 610,000 of who were current crack users. Eighteen to 25 year olds represent the highest number of current users.

Cocaine Addiction & Other Dangers
Repeated cocaine use can result in addiction. New research into cocaine addiction in the brain is uncovering why. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2007 close to 1.6 million Americans could be classified as addicted to or abusing cocaine, according to the general diagnostic guidelines.

Cocaine is a very dangerous drug, especially when over- or misused. A 2005 study reported that almost 450,000 of the 1,450,000 visits to emergency rooms across the US were due to cocaine use/misuse. This boils down to almost 1 in 3 ER visits involving cocaine.

There is no safe form of cocaine. Nor is there a safe way to use cocaine. Whether by snorting, injecting or smoking cocaine, you are still at risk of imbibing toxic amounts of the drug. Too much cocaine can result in acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, seizures, and sudden death.

How Cocaine Works in the Brain
Cocaine causes pleasurable effects by stimulating the pleasure and reward centers of the brain. Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system, causing increased levels of dopamine in the reward center. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and movement. Normally, certain brain cells, called neurons, use dopamine to communicate amongst each other. In this process, dopamine is released in the brain in response to a pleasure signal. The dopamine-releasing cell recycles the neurotransmitter, shutting off the communication between the neurons.

However, cocaine prevents the dopamine recycling process, resulting in a build up of dopamine in the brain. This causes a never-ending chatter between the neurons—the euphoric high.

Repeated long-term cocaine use causes changes to the brain’s functioning leading to addiction.

How Cocaine Addiction Works
The risks for cocaine addiction are high. New research suggests that prolonged use of cocaine changes a genetic expression, or the behaviour of the gene, in the brain resulting in the prevention of specific enzymes from shutting genes off in the pleasure circuits of the brain. This causes heightened cravings for the drug, and thus drug-seeking behaviours.

As well, with continued use, the brain builds a tolerance for the drug. Continued and prolonged exposure to the drug causes the brain to adapt so that the reward pathways become less sensitive to both natural reinforcements as well as cocaine itself. This decreased sensitivity is a result of decreased amounts of dopamine receptors in the brain, and is also the root of the drug addiction.

Furthermore, the risks of relapse are high with cocaine, as the drug will have a strong hold on the addicted brain even after long periods of sobriety. Research has shown that physical cues, or triggers, cause visceral memories of the using experience that result in intense cravings and even relapse.


Cocaine Addiction Treatment
A Cocaine Addiction Treatment Program is vitally important to a successful recovery from addiction. Rarely does going it alone or going cold turkey work. Addiction is a complicated process with deep roots. Addiction recovery requires support, therapy, and a retraining of the brain.

We believe in an all-encompassing approach to cocaine and all drug addiction treatments. Our Cocaine Addiction Treatment Program treats more than the physical addiction, healing the underlying issues at play. We work together with each of our clients to design an addiction treatment program that works for each individual.

With our different therapies, clients learn to take personal responsibility for their decisions, good and bad, to recognize addiction triggers, and to cope with life’s stresses in a healthy and productive fashion.

Heritage Home also has several non-traditional therapies available, from native healing circles, to laughter therapy, and creative art therapies. Through these classes, clients learn about themselves in new situations, how to interact with others sober, and how to have fun without cocaine.

For more information on cocaine and cocaine addiction:
Heritage Home Drug Rehab Center
Cocaine Addiction Vaccine Research
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Cocaine Research Report
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Cocaine InfoFacts
Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH) Cocaine Information

Cocaine Addiction: Gene Alterations From Prolonged Cocaine Use

Monday, January 18th, 2010

US Researchers at NIDA report having identified a key brain mechanism, better explaining how and why cocaine addiction occurs.

Announced last week, January 7th 2009, government scientists at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) said that the new discoveries about the root of cocaine addiction could lead to the development of new drug treatments.

In experiments with mice, scientists showed how cocaine affects the epigenetic process histone methylation. Prolonged cocaine use, they found, can cause permanent changes to the way certain genes turn on and off.

Epigenetic is a process that influences a gene’s expression or appearance without changing the underlying DNA sequence, causing the gene to behave, or express, itself differently.

Histone methylation is the modification of certain amino acids in a histone protein, or the protein around which a DNA strand wind, which essentially turns the DNA off.

Cocaine in the brain prevents the enzyme from shutting off genes in the pleasure circuits of the brain, heightening cravings for more cocaine.

Furthermore, scientists were able to reverse the effects by increasing the activity of that particular gene, completely reversing the effects of chronic cocaine use. As well, scientists reported that it is likely that this be the same process for other addictions, including alcohol addiction, thereby potentially leading to new, more effective, addiction treatments.

“This fundamental discovery advances our understanding of how cocaine addiction works,” Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of NIDA, said via press release. “Although more research will be required, these findings have identified a key new player in the molecular cascade triggered by repeated cocaine exposure, and thus a potential novel target for the development of addiction medications.”

The findings also help to explain addiction’s long-term cravings and relapse despite periods of total abstinence.

Source: Business Week & Ottawa Citizen